第四百六十章 孟加拉乡村银行
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《孟加拉乡村银行》。
《孟加拉乡村银行》的运行模式和国际上大部分金融机构都不同，虽然它也要求盈利，但它更多以公益性质为主。银行在贷款过程中不要求抵押，并创立了一套基于互信、责任、参与及创造力的银行制度。银行没有通常银行所有的豪华办公室等办公环境，银行员工更多时间是主动下到田间地头村拜访潜在借款者，而且大部分时间并不签署借款合同，因为大多借款人目不识丁，借贷完全依靠于个人诚信。
银行向客户们收取固定的利息，通常20每年，这个标准并不低，而且大部分顾客锁定在孟加拉乡村妇女身上，因为这些妇女对贷款的态度更加小心谨慎。贷款申请人必须清楚了解银行的运作方式，这样他们才有资格借款。
而偿还贷款通常从借款第二周就要开始，尽管有些急迫，但缓减了让借款人承担年终偿付大笔贷款的压力。而借款者则由6-8人构成“团结小组”，相互监督贷款的偿还情况，如小组中有人逾期未能偿款，则整个小组都要受到处罚。借款发放和偿付每周通过一次“中心会议”公开进行，在孟加拉贪腐横行的政治环境里，乡村银行的公开透明显得极为另类和难得，但令人难以置信的是《孟加拉乡村银行》的保持着良好的经营水平，银行偿债率高达98，足以让任何商业银行感到嫉妒。
《孟加拉乡村银行》现在已成为孟加拉国最大的农村银行，有650万借款者，为孟加拉7万多个村庄提供信贷服务，成为支撑孟加拉乡村经济的主要金融手段，并且银行还为每一位借贷者提供一份不可转让的银行股份，占据银行92股份（余额由政府持有）的持有者是广大的贫民，《孟加拉乡村银行》的确当得起是穷人自己银行的名头。,
尤努斯的成功让许多第三世界国家争相效仿，菲律宾、印度、尼泊尔等国已经推广他的经验，我国云南等省份也选中地区进行试点。听完方副校长一番介绍，大家显然对这种独特的小额贷款互助银行模式很感兴趣。只有李国柱先点头后摇头，显然感觉这种很适合全省经济现状，便于扶持一大批农村和城市中小企业的信贷模式很有吸引力，但又想到这涉及到改变如今国家扶贫模式，并和中央推行金融机改革政策相冲突，难度很大。
杨星看出李国柱的难处，替他解围道：“尤努斯的成功离不开他所处的政治环境的，省里当让不能原样照搬，但作为一种新的扶贫思路，省里不妨在扶持中小企业发展上进行一定程度金融创新。”听到这里李国柱和阚东田不由都取出笔记本，他们下意识的感觉杨星接下来的话才是重点。
“中原省的大工业项目一向最吸引眼球，就像一个人的头脑和心脏总会最受关注，但一个人不可单靠头脑和心脏存活，一个完整的人还需要骨骼、肌肉、毛细血管等组织。同理沿海省份的成功经验告诉我们经济的增长不是单靠多修几座机场，建了多少高楼就能做到的。他们的成功更多依靠的是遍布城乡的家庭小作坊、乡镇企业等微小的社会经济细胞，沿海已经形成了一个自由创业的社会环境，可以说改革二十年，我国最大的成就就是让一帮从农田里走出来的乡镇企业家成为了社会主流”
杨星这番话言简意赅直指核心，李国柱眼里流露出了了然的神情，显然有所领悟，“我们不要把头抬得太高，要弯下腰来多关注广大的中小企业，甚至是个体户等微小的经济单位，省里可以参照《孟加拉乡村银行》的模式，成立一个专门为中小企业服务简化手续，降低抵押门槛，以信用为主发放贷款的金融机构。”
。，
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